Life, Death, and Evaluation Essay Samples

Life, Death, and Evaluation Essay Samples How to Get Started with Evaluation Essay Samples? An evaluation essay sample offers you a notion of what is expected of once you finish your paper. To prevent common essay mistakes, a few of the situations that you should always remind yourself when writing an evaluation essay are given below. It isn't always simple to locate an evaluation essay example. Like other forms of essays, the evaluation essay demands an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. The 30-Second Trick for Evaluation Essay Samples If you're looking for an extremely specific kind of samples, then you might need to go through several directories before you discover what you want. Our templates can function as your reference that will help you construct your own. If you're searching for Argumentative Essay templates, you may also have a look at our offered templates. When you hit enter, you are going to be flooded with samples and everything you need to do is ready through them. Appropriate use of the sample you get is critical in producing a superior paper. You need to make sure you review each section carefully so you can proceed and write your review about it. The Definitive Strategy to Evaluation Essay Samples Writing your academic assignments is a difficult undertaking for the majority of the students due to the fact that they must concentrate on their work together with their routine tasks. There are lots of different kinds of essays that you'll be requested to write in school. There are various sorts of essays that may be part of a student writing task. Developing an excellent college essay are able to lose its purpose in the event the content of what you've written is not what the university is asking for. It is very important to remember an essay is not only your opinion. Your essay might be serious or it can be humorous. Your evaluation essay will be useful when you have an extremely strong opinion about this issue you decide on. The Debate Over Evaluation Essay Samples Writing an essay takes into consideration many distinctive elements. Search for somebody who has written evaluation essays in film and employ that man to supply you with a fresh copy of an assignment. If you would like to make an evaluation essay, you ought to be strategic when it regards the presentation of information that could help in the writing activity. If you're writing an evaluation essay, you should remain objective with the content which you are presenting. There are various types of evaluation essays and you need to take note that each one of them have differences based on the objective of their creation. You have to spell out how you had the ability to produce the evaluation including the specification of the things that you've considered within the entirety of the evaluation and writing process. If you go too wide, you must deal with lots of feasible criteria and supporting evidence, not to mention that it's going to be more complicated to generate an evaluation. Once more, in the event the criteria, judgments and evidence are clear, the total thesis ought to be also. If you'll properly recognize the criteria which will best fit your needs for the particular evaluation, then you're able to make your evaluation essay stronger and more effective. You'll get very specific outcomes. An evaluation essay is a sort of writing that expresses certain judgment about a specific topic in accordance with a list of criteria. An evaluation paper should consist of summary info and your earnest perspective on the matter. Evaluation Essay Samples Options When one writes a personal kind of essay, the initial impression is the fact that it is entirely devoted to self expression and devoid of any type of technicality. The thesis statement should highlight your general judgment about the subject. Since the main goal of an evaluation essay is to relay your viewpoint about a particular subject, you've got to make sure you'll be precise and concise when delivering the message you want your readers to be knowledgeable of. Getting critical to oneself is not a simple endeavor, and that means you may look at a self evaluation paper is aimed to develop the capacity to criticize your personality.

Short Story - 783 Words

Hunter Cole welcomed the man with the angry eyes to Dal-Mart. When this man stared at the snake in hell tattoo on the inside of Hunter’s right forearm and then told Hunter to have an especially great time himself, it gave Hunter chills down his spine, especially how he stared at the tattoo on his arm. Most mostly those words and how he said it... â€Å"I hope youre having an especially great time...† These words sounded familiar to Hunter, and was in the back of his mind. But Hunter couldnt remember where it came from but it those words meant something important, the same reason he couldnt remember why this man is so damn familiar. It was three months ago when Hunter took this job at the Kangaroo Valley Dal-Mart. Two weeks ago this man†¦show more content†¦Hunter thinks back and forth of what decision to make. The knife was an inch away from his chest when he reflexes to his .38 and fires right between her eyes. The woman’s body falls on Hunter and you could she the other side of the room through the hole between her eyes. Hunter drops the gun and drags the body to the window. The husband busts in the room and looks at Hunter sitting on the window. Hunter throws the body out the window into the bushes below and whispers to the husband. â€Å"I hope youre having an especially great time...† This wasn’t the only murder Hunter had ever done, but when he eventually got arrested it was for tax fraud, and not for any of the beatings or home invasions or murders that he did. He ended up serving up to five years at the Nowra Correctional Center. His heart started beating wildly in his chest over the thought that that man had recognized him. But Hunter was wearing a mask on that night, and back then he was as thin as a twig, and by the time he had left the correctional center his body had thickened and changed. These damn Dal-Mart uniforms with the short sleeves and vests! If he were allowed to wear a long sleeve shirt, the man never would’ve seen his tattoo. But still, how could this man be sure from just one tattoo? Hunter wanted to flee, but if he did the man would certainly be sure then. Someone tapped him on the shoulder. Hunter turned and first noticed theShow MoreRelatedshort story1018 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Short Stories:  Ã‚  Characteristics †¢Short  - Can usually be read in one sitting. †¢Concise:  Ã‚  Information offered in the story is relevant to the tale being told.  Ã‚  This is unlike a novel, where the story can diverge from the main plot †¢Usually tries to leave behind a  single impression  or effect.  Ã‚  Usually, though not always built around one character, place, idea, or act. †¢Because they are concise, writers depend on the reader bringing  personal experiences  and  prior knowledge  to the story. Four MajorRead MoreThe Short Stories Ideas For Writing A Short Story Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pageswriting a short story. Many a time, writers run out of these short story ideas upon exhausting their sources of short story ideas. If you are one of these writers, who have run out of short story ideas, and the deadline you have for coming up with a short story is running out, the short story writing prompts below will surely help you. Additionally, if you are being tormented by the blank Microsoft Word document staring at you because you are not able to come up with the best short story idea, youRead MoreShort Story1804 Words   |  8 PagesShort story: Definition and History. A  short story  like any other term does not have only one definition, it has many definitions, but all of them are similar in a general idea. According to The World Book Encyclopedia (1994, Vol. 12, L-354), â€Å"the short story is a short work of fiction that usually centers around a single incident. Because of its shorter length, the characters and situations are fewer and less complicated than those of a novel.† In the Cambridge Advanced Learner’s DictionaryRead MoreShort Stories648 Words   |  3 Pageswhat the title to the short story is. The short story theme I am going conduct on is â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty’ by James Thurber (1973). In this short story the literary elements being used is plot and symbols and the theme being full of distractions and disruption. The narrator is giving a third person point of view in sharing the thoughts of the characters. Walter Mitty the daydreamer is very humorous in the different plots of his dr ifting off. In the start of the story the plot, symbols,Read MoreShort Stories1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe themes of short stories are often relevant to real life? To what extent do you agree with this view? In the short stories â€Å"Miss Brill† and â€Å"Frau Brechenmacher attends a wedding† written by Katherine Mansfield, the themes which are relevant to real life in Miss Brill are isolation and appearance versus reality. Likewise Frau Brechenmacher suffers through isolation throughout the story and also male dominance is one of the major themes that are highlighted in the story. These themes areRead MoreShort Story and People1473 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Title: Story Of An Hour Author: Kate Chopin I. On The Elements / Literary Concepts The short story Story Of An Hour is all about the series of emotions that the protagonist, Mrs. Mallard showed to the readers. With the kind of plot of this short story, it actually refers to the moments that Mrs. Mallard knew that all this time, her husband was alive. For the symbol, I like the title of this short story because it actually symbolizes the time where Mrs. Mallard died with joy. And with thatRead MoreShort Story Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesA short story concentrates on creating a single dynamic effect and is limited in character and situation. It is a language of maximum yet economical effect. Every word must do a job, sometimes several jobs. Short stories are filled with numerous language and sound devices. These language and sound devices create a stronger image of the scenario or the characters within the text, which contribute to the overall pre-designed effect.As it is shown in the metaphor lipstick bleeding gently in CinnamonRead MoreRacism in the Short Stor ies1837 Words   |  7 PagesOften we read stories that tell stories of mixing the grouping may not always be what is legal or what people consider moral at the time. The things that you can learn from someone who is not like you is amazing if people took the time to consider this before judging someone the world as we know it would be a completely different place. The notion to overlook someone because they are not the same race, gender, creed, religion seems to be the way of the world for a long time. Racism is so prevalentRead MoreThe Idol Short Story1728 Words   |  7 PagesThe short stories â€Å"The Idol† by Adolfo Bioy Casares and â€Å"Axolotl† by Julio Cortà ¡zar address the notion of obsession, and the resulting harm that can come from it. Like all addictions, obsession makes one feel overwhelmed, as a single thought comes to continuously intruding our mind, causing the individual to not be able to ignore these thoughts. In â€Å"Axolotl†, the narr ator is drawn upon the axolotls at the Jardin des Plantes aquarium and his fascination towards the axolotls becomes an obsession. InRead MoreGothic Short Story1447 Words   |  6 Pages The End. In the short story, â€Å"Emma Barrett,† the reader follows a search party group searching for a missing girl named Emma deep in a forest in Oregon. The story follows through first person narration by a group member named Holden. This story would be considered a gothic short story because of its use of setting, theme, symbolism, and literary devices used to portray the horror of a missing six-year-old girl. Plot is the literal chronological development of the story, the sequence of events

Injuries in Cricket - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 21 Words: 6371 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? An Audit of Injuries in Cricket in Scotland in the 2008 Season Abstract Cricket is a popular sport played and followed by millions around the globe. It is a relatively non contact sport with a low to moderate risk of injury. However, in the last decade, the incidence of injury has been shown to be on the rise. This is possibly due to increase in workload for the modern cricketer. Aim of the study The aim of the study was to audit the prevalence and patterns of injuries in cricket in Scotland over a complete season. A study of this nature has never been undertaken in Scotland. This study will act as pilot study for a long term injury surveillance program in Scottish cricket. Cricket researchers have long been in favour of a world cricket injury surveillance report. This study, we reckon, will contribute to such a report when undertaken. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Injuries in Cricket" essay for you Create order Methods A questionnaire was sent to Cricket Scotland who in turn engaged 150 professional cricket players from the Scottish international team, SNCL Premier League, SNCL division I and division II. Involvement of the team coaches through the initiative of Cricket Scotland was sought to increase the compliance for return of the questionnaire. Results We received feedback from 26 of the 150 players that we approached. The numbers of injuries reported throughout the season were 18. An increased prevalence of injuries was apparent at the start of the season with 27% of all injuries occurring in April. Of all the players, 42% suffered injuries at some point of time during the season. Most of the injuries (66%) occurred in match situations. Acute injuries accounted for 60% of the. As expected, bowling was responsible for 36.84% of injuries while fielding caused 52.36% of injuries. Upper limb injuries contributed to 57.89% of the injuries. Finger injuries in the form of fractures or contusions had a prevalence rate of 15.29%. Lower limb injuries accounted for 31.58% of all injuries with knee and shin stress fracture being more common. Hamstring injuries having prevalence rate 16.67%. During the entire season, there was not a single case of head, neck or face injury. Midsection injuries accounted for 10.53 % of injuries with 5.26% prevalence rate for side or abdominal muscle strain. 35.29% of injuries took more than 6 weeks to heal enough for the player to participate in a match again, while almost half of the injured players took more than 4 weeks to recover from injury. Only 8.33% of international cricketers had access to a medical support team while 75% of players did not have injury advice at all. At the domestic level, medical support as well as provision of sports injury advice was lacking for 100% of players. Likewise, none of the clubs we came across had implemented injury data collection or monitoring program. Discussion The injury patterns and prevalence rates identified showed similarities to previous studies, especially for lower limb and fingers injuries. Bowling and fielding were recognised as major contributors for injury. The time lost due to injury as shown in the study is a concern. It is interesting to note that none of the domestic players had access to medical back up in the form of a doctor or a physiotherapist. Even at the international level only one player had a sports doctor to attend to his injuries. In summary, we identified a need for the provision of medical support to players for helping them to realise their full potential. A national database for cricket injuries within the confines of the Scottish government similar to the ACC or the SMAGG should be implemented. The ICC should look to help full as well as associate members in setting up injury prevention programs. It should allocate funds and provide expertise in the form trained personnel for the same. Appointment of injury statisticians for recording of injury data in every first class, one day or twenty 20 match should be looked at. At the end of every match an injury report should be sent to the team management, the SNCL which in turn will pass it on to the ICC. This collection of data should be anonymised as much as possible to help safeguard players interests. 1. Introduction Cricket is a popular sport played and followed by millions around the globe. It is a relatively non contact sport with a low to moderate risk of injury as compared to sports like hockey or football.1;2 However, in the last decade, the incidence of injury has been shown to be on the rise.3 This is possibly due to increase in workload for the modern cricketer. Intense competition, higher levels of fitness and skills required and increase in the number of matches played throughout the season has resulted in this trend. Furthermore, pressures of international travel and acclimitisation to foreign playing conditions in a matter of days have added to the stress. Although the popularity of cricket is on the rise, worldwide research into injuries has been dismal. The International Cricket Council (ICC), which governs the game, boasts a membership of 104 countries including 10 full, 34 associate and 60 affiliate members. However, most of the statistical data on incidence and prevalence of injuries comes from just four countries, namely, Australia, South Africa, England and the West Indies. Australia was the first country to introduce long term injury surveillance in professional cricket in the summer of 1998-99.2 The Sports Science Medicine Advisory Group (SSMAG) set up by Cricket Australia is responsible for the collection and maintenance of a long term injury database.3 Recently, the English and the South African Boards have set up their own injury surveillance programs. In New Zealand, the Accident Compensation Corporation is responsible for recording all sporting injuries. The rest of the test playing nations, however, along with the associate members of the ICC do not have programs implemented to record cricketing injuries. Although cricket has a vast following in the subcontinent, availability of statistical data regarding injuries is lacking. Similarly, a study of the nature and prevalence of injuries in cricket has never been undertaken in Scotland. In the backdrop of researchers pushing for a world cricket injury report, all test playing and associate member countries should set up injury surveillance programs to identify patterns along with prevalence and incidence of injuries. This would enable comparisons of data across varying sets of playing conditions prevailing in different countries. 2. Injuries in Cricket Although cricket is a non contact sport, injuries are quite common, especially in fast bowlers.4-7 Some instances of death due to cricket have also been documented in literature.8 Importance of Injury Surveillance Long term injury surveillance in sport is the basis for prevention of injuries. Identification of causes with subsequent designing and implementation of interventions forms the sequence of prevention of injuries.9 Surveillance of injuries across nations has however proved to be more difficult than previously thought. Over the years, different studies have sought to define injury in cricket and devise methods for injury surveillance.10-14 However, disparity in the definitions used by different researchers has been a problem in comparing injury rates from across the world. 3;12;15 Orchard et al. defined injury in cricket as any injury or medical condition that either (a) prevents a player from being fully available for selection for a major match or (b) during a major match, causes a player to be unable to bat, bowl or keep wickets when required by either the rules or the teams captain 3;12.whereas,Leary et al. defined injury in cricket as an event which caused a player to seek medical attention.10 Overall Incidence of Injuries Different studies report injury incidence in cricket varying from 2.6 to 333/ 10,000 player hours.1;2;16;17 Of all the Accident and Emergency department presentations in Australia, 8% cases were cricket related injuries, making cricket the 5th commonest injury prone sport in Australia.2 In South Africa, Stretch found that there was an injury incidence per player of 1.6 to 1.91 per season; also 49% of all players get injured sometime throughout a season.13 Leary et. al. in their 10 year study of professional English county cricketers found the acute injury incidence to be 57.4 per 1000 days of cricket.10 Injuries by anatomical site Lower limb injuries are the most common with an incidence of 45% to 49.8% where as trunk (20-32.6%) and upper limb (18.9 to 29 %) were the other sites commonly involved.7;10;13 The tissues mostly involved are muscles and other soft tissues (41.0%), joints (22.2%), tendons (13.2%), and ligaments (6.2%).7 Muscle strains were found to be most common. Of the lower limb injuries, hamstring injuries were reported to be most common by Orchard et al (11% of all injuries).2 Most of these were in the form of muscle strains and tears especially in bowlers and fielders.18 Knee injuries, usually comprise of joint sprains (27.6%), tendonitis (26.5%) and contusions (16.3%).10 Orchard et al reported that knee ligament injuries were uncommon in cricket. An interesting observation was that cricketers were more likely to suffer from knee ligament injuries during the game of football that cricketers play as a form of pre-match warming up or cross training. Groin injuries in bowlers (8% of all injuries in bowlers) and batsmen (9% of all injuries in batsmen) had an overall incidence of 7%. 2 Stress fractures of the tibia, fibula and foot, and ankle sprains occurred mostly in fast bowlers and had a combined incidence of 6% in the study conducted by Orchard et al.2 Upper limb injuries make up 19.8% to 34.1% of all injuries in cricket.2;17;18 Most of these are finger injuries due to ball impact occurring during fielding or batting.1;7;18;19 Contusions account for a major share of finger injuries (40%) while fractures/dislocations (28.9%) and joint sprains (23%) are the other finger injuries commonly encountered.10 Although, most of the finger injuries in cricket have a satisfactory treatment outcome, cricketers report a residual component of occasional pain or minor swelling and / or deformity.19 Most of the wicket keepers have been known to carry finger injuries but rarely report them for the fear of being made to miss the match. Shoulder injuries usually occur in fielders and bowlers while batsmen and wicket keepers are characteristically spared.10;18 Shoulder tendon injuries were reported to comprise of 6% of all injuries by Orchard et al. 2, Supraspinatus tendon was seen to be mostly affected. Incidence of shoulder dislocation or subluxation was shown to be low 1%. Upper limb lacerations or fractures were reported to have a low incidence and occurred mostly in batsmen.2 Side strain occurring on the non dominant arm in bowlers is quite notorious to heal.2 Incidence of side or abdominal muscle strain is 9% of all injuries; 1% of all cricket injuries are side strains due to a stress or traumatic fracture of the rib.2 The overall incidence of back and trunk injuries accounted was 18% to 33% of all injuries.7;16-18 Fast bowlers were found to be at particular risk of developing lower back injury.4;20-24 So much so that Foster et al. and Bell have likened the injuries in fast bowlers to en epidemic.4;25 The incidence for head, neck and face injuries vary from 5% to 25 % usually resulting from impact of the cricket ball causing lacerations or contusions and rarely concussions.1;2;13;16-18 Weightman and Brown reported a quarter of cricket injuries to be concussions due to a ball impact on the head.1 This was probably due to the fact that use of helmets in cricket was not in fashion when the study was conducted. Of the cervical spine injuries, 63.6% were in the form of sprains or strains resulting from batting for long periods of time.7 Jones and Tullo reported an incidence of 9% for eye injuries in sports in the UK.26 Although, eye injuries in cricket are rare, some studies have reported a few cases associated with cricket.27;28 These are usually more severe. Seasonal Variation of injuries Injuries in cricket are shown to occur more at the start of the season and then at the end of the season.7;10 The highest incidence number of injuries mostly muscle, tendon and ligament injuries occur at the start of the season (April-27.3%).10 While injuries like fractures or dislocations occur with the same frequency throughout the season. Stretch reported a similar incidence of higher injuries at the start of the season (32.3%) compared to than mid-season (21.7%) or towards the end (12.5%) or offseason (12.5%).18 Role performed in the team Stretch reported an injury incidence according to activity as follows: bowling (41.3%), fielding and wicket keeping (28.6%), and batting (17.1%).18 A study by Orchard et al, however reports that wicketkeepers had the lowest injury incidence (2%) probably because of minimal sprinting, throwing or bowling.2 Bowlers usually sustained lower limb or back injuries while fielders and wicket keepers usually suffered upper limb (42.9%) or lower limb injuries (40.6%). Batsman on the other hand suffered mainly lower limb injuries (54.4%). Delivery and follow through of the fast bowler (25.6%), overuse (18.3%), and fielding (21.4%) were the main mechanisms of injury.18 Age Incidence Young fast bowlers tend to get injured more often.7;13;14;18 Also the incidence of overuse injuries in cricketers in the age group of 19-24 years tends to be higher than their older counterparts.7 An important observation in a study by Stretch is that all 14 stress fractures occurred in young cricketers with 13 of them due to bowling.7 Chronicity of injury Acute injuries account for 64.8% of all injuries while 16.6% are chronic and 25.4% of the injuries are of acute on chronic nature. Majority of injuries are first time injuries (64.5%) while recurrent injuries from the previous season account for 22.8% of injuries.13 Recovery time of injuries In a study by Stretch, 47.8% of injured players were able to return to play within a week while 28.4% took 3 week. However, 23.8% of the players were not able to train or play matches even more than 3 weeks after the incidence.7 3.0 Methodolgy 3.1 Aim of the Study The aim of the study was to audit the prevalence and patterns of injuries occurring in cricket in Scotland over a complete season. A study of this nature has never been undertaken in Scotland. This study will act as pilot study for a long term injury surveillance program in Scottish cricket. Cricket researchers have long been in favour of a world cricket injury surveillance report. This study, we reckon, will contribute to such a report, if and when it is undertaken. 3.2 Study design The study was a retrospective, questionnaire based study carried out online with the support of Cricket Scotland. The involvement of Cricket Scotland, the national governing body for the sport in Scotland, we hoped, would increase the response rate for the questionnaires and thus the reliability of the audit. We feared that compliance would be an issue. However, we were hopeful that involvement of the club coaches via the governing body for cricket in Scotland would maximise the return rate. The first class structure for cricket in Scotland, Scottish National Cricket League (SNCL) is divided into three levels, the SNCL Premiere League, the SNCL division I and the SNCL division II. Each of these levels consists of 10 teams, playing each other home and away. In addition, there is an under 19s Scottish cricket team. Each of the first class teams plays an extra game with the under 19s, making a total of 19 matches over the season for each team. Cricket Scotland distributed the questionnaire to 150 elite cricketers from the international team as well as those in the three divisions of the SNCL. The audit assessed areas such as nature of injury, body part affected, mechanism of injury, recovery time, etc as well as the provision of medical support at the club (see attached questionnaire). Data was recorded from the feedback received from the questionnaire. Data analysis was done on a prevalence percentage basis and comparisons made with the limited existing studies. 3.3 Ethical Approval Ethical approval for undertaking this study was sought from and granted by the Faculty of Medicine Ethics Committee for Non Clinical Research involving Human Subjects, University of Glasgow, Scotland. 3.4 Subjects The subjects involved in the study were 150 elite cricket players from the Scottish national team and clubs in the top 3 divisions of the Scottish National Cricket league (SNCL). 3.5 Data Analysis Minitab 15.1 was used to carry out statistical analysis whereas Microsoft Excel 2007 was used to provide graphical analysis of the data. Also, for comparison with the existing data, literature searches were carried out using Reference Manager Professional Network Edition 12.0. The databases used were Pubmed and ISI Web of Knowledge for the period of 1970 to 2009 with key words for search being cricket, injury, surveillance, patterns, incidence, and prevalence. The review considered all papers up to May 2009 relevant to definition, incidence, prevalence, causes and prevention of injuries in cricket. 4.0 Results During the study, Cricket Scotland distributed the questionnaires to 150 cricket players from the international team and the three divisions of the SNCL. To improve the response rate, the coaches were instructed get the players to fill in the questionnaires. We received feedback from 26 of the 150 players that we approached. Of these, almost 77% were of current international status with 85% having represented Scotland at some point in their careers. In the SNCL, 73.08% of all players represent the premier division, 19.23% division 1 while only one player each featured in division 2 and domestic matches outside the SNCL. 73% of the players that responded were in the age group of 19-25 while 15.38% were in the under 19 age group of and 12% in the over 24 age group. Batsmen comprised of 35% of players while bowlers and all-rounders formed a major share of 64%. Only one wicketkeeper featured in the study. The percentage of players who appeared in more than 30 matches over the season was 46% while 23% played between 11-30 matches. The numbers of injuries reported throughout the season were 18. An increased prevalence of injuries was apparent at the start of the season with 27% of all injuries occurring in April. This then leveled off as the season progressed. Of all the players, 42% suffered injuries at some point of time during the season. Most of the injuries (66%) occurred in match situations. Acute injuries accounted for 60% of the injuries while acute or gradual recurrence of a previous injury was responsible for 35% of the cases. As expected, bowling was responsible for 36.84% of injuries while fielding (along with catching and throwing) caused 52.36% of injuries with throwing alone was responsible for 10% of all injuries. Regional Distribution of injuries Upper limb injuries contributed to 57.89% of the injuries, with shoulder tendon injury accounting for 27.27% of all upper limb and 15.79% of all injuries. Injuries to the fingers in the form of fractures or contusions had a prevalence rate of 15.29% for all injuries and 27.27% of all upper limb injuries. Lower limb injuries accounted for 31.58% of all injuries with knee and shin stress fracture being more common. Hamstring injuries having prevalence rate 16.67%. During the entire season, there was not a single case of head, neck or face injury. Midsection injuries accounted for 10.53 % of injuries with 5.26% prevalence rate for side or abdominal muscle strain. 35.29% of injuries took more than 6 weeks to heal enough for the player to participate in a match again, while almost half of the injured players took more than 4 weeks to recover from injury. Injury Advice and Surveillance In our analysis we found that only 8.33% of international cricketers had any access to a medical support team in the form of a physiotherapist while 75% of players at did not have injury advice at all. Also, of all the players, only 7.69% had some sort of injury prevention advice at their club. At the domestic level, provision of sports injury advice as well as medical support was lacking for 100% of players. Likewise, none of the clubs have implemented injury data collection or monitoring program. Table I. Type of injuries in the 2008 season Type of Injury International SNCL (domestic) Head / Face Fractures Eyes Other Neck Sprains Other Shoulder Tendon / muscle Dislocation / subluxation Arm / Elbow / Forearm Fracture Other Wrist / Palm Dislocation/Fracture Split webbing Other Fingers Fractures Other Trunk Abd/Side strain Other Back Lumbar stress fracture Other Groin/Hip Ham / Quad Knee Ligament Other Shin /Ankle / Foot Stress fracture Sprains Other 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 2 1 0 0 0 3 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 Total 13 5 5.0 Discussion The prevalence of injuries in Scottish cricket players both international and domestic over a season was ascertained in this study. Players in Scotland do not feature in as many matches over a season as players from places like Australia or India. As such, injury rates have not reached alarming proportions but the injury patterns and prevalence rates do show some similarities. The distribution of injuries according to anatomical site is similar to other studies, especially prevalence rate for lower limb fingers injuries. Bowling and fielding were recognised as major contributors for injury. Seasonal variations are also similar to a previous English study.10 The time lost due to injury as shown in the study is a concern. Proper injury prevention advice can help in avoiding injuries (most notable being those due to bowling). It is interesting to note that none of the domestic players had access to medical back up in the form of a doctor or a physiotherapist. Even at the international level only one player had a sports doctor to attend to his injuries. In summary, we identified a need for the provision of medical support to players for helping them to realise their full potential. An injury free player is more likely to perform to the best of his ability ensuring good performance of the team. A successful team in turn can attract sponsors thereby further enhancing the injury aspect of the game. A national database for cricket injuries within the confines of the Scottish government similar to the ACC or the SMAGG should be implemented. The ICC should look to help full as well as associate members in setting up injury prevention programs. The ICC should allocate funds and provide expertise in the form trained personnel for the same. Appointment of injury statisticians for recording of injury data in every first class, one day or twenty 20 match should be looked at. At the end of every match an injury report should be sent to the team management, the SNCL which in turn will pass it on to the ICC. This collection of data should be anonymised as much as possible to help safeguard players interests. 6.0 Methodological Limitations 6.1 Subjects The response we got for the questionnaire was not as good as expected. Unforeseen logistics and strategic problems due to prior commitment of the Scottish international team due to the World twenty 20 Cup and the domestic teams in the being busy in the final stages of the season hampered the feedback from the players. The selection of players from the elite level did serve the purpose of determining injury prevalence at the highest level. However, patterns of injury at the school and junior level need to be identified as well. 6.2 Procedural Since it was a retrospective study, the authenticity of injuries reported form memory by the players can be questioned. Injuries should ideally have been diagnosed and recorded by professional medical personnel like a physiotherapist or a sports doctor. Furthermore, this study looked into injuries over just one season. Having said so, this study can prove to be a pilot project on which future research can be based. 6.3 Statistical and Analytical We calculated prevalence of the different types of injuries. However, the study did not look into the incidence rates of different injuries. The incidence rates along with prevalence rates as done by some previous studies would have been a better reflection of injuries affecting professional cricketers in Scotland. 7.0 Future Research In the future, researchers should ideally look to conduct a prospective study over a number of years to identify the consistent injury patterns. Also, diagnosis and recording of injuries by professional medical staff with maintainence of an nationwide epidemiological injury database should be aimed at. Also, impact of provision medical support staff on improved performance of the players and the team as a whole needs to be looked into. 8.0 Reference List (1) Weightman D, Browne RC. Injuries in Eleven Selected Sports. Br J Sports Med 1975; 9(3):136-141. (2) Orchard J, James T, Alcott E, Carter S, Farhart P. Injuries in Australian cricket at first class level 1995/1996 to 2000/2001. Br J Sports Med 2002; 36(4):270-274. (3) Orchard JW, James T, Portus MR. Injuries to elite male cricketers in Australia over a 10-year period. J Sci Med Sport 2006; 9(6):459-467. (4) Foster D, John D, Elliott B, Ackland T, Fitch K. Back injuries to fast bowlers in cricket: a prospective study. Br J Sports Med 1989; 23(3):150-154. (5) Hardcastle P, Annear P, Foster DH, Chakera TM, McCormick C, Khangure M et al. Spinal abnormalities in young fast bowlers. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1992; 74(3):421-425. (6) Hardcastle PH. Repair of spondylolysis in young fast bowlers. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1993; 75(3):398-402. (7) Stretch RA. Cricket injuries: a longitudinal study of the nature of injuries to South African cricketers. Br J Sports Med 2003; 37(3):250-253. (8) Brasch R. How did sports begin? Sydney: Camberwell: Longman; 1971. (9) Van MW, Hlobil H, Kemper HCG. Incidence Severity Aetiology and Prevention of Sports Injuries A Review of Concepts. Sports Medicine 1992; 14(2):82-99. (10) Leary T, White JA. Acute injury incidence in professional county club cricket players (1985-1995). Br J Sports Med 2000; 34(2):145-147. (11) Mitchell R, Hayen A. Defining a cricket injury. J Sci Med Sport 2005; 8(3):357-358. (12) Orchard J, Newman D, Stretch R, Frost W, Mansingh A, Leipus A. Methods for injury surveillance in international cricket. J Sci Med Sport 2005; 8(1):1-14. (13) Stretch RA. The incidence and nature of injuries in first-league and provincial cricketers. S Afr Med J 1993; 83(5):339-342. (14) Stretch RA. The seasonal incidence and nature of injuries in schoolboy cricketers. S Afr Med J 1995; 85(11):1182-1184. (15) Finch CF, Elliott BC, McGrath AC. Measures to prevent cricket injuries: an overview. Sports Med 1999; 28(4):263-272. (16) Corrigan AB. Cricket injuries. Aust Fam Physician 1984; 13(8):558-9, 562. (17) Crisp T. Cricket: fast bowlers back and throwers shoulder. Practitioner 1989; 233(1469):790-792. (18) Stretch RA. Incidence and nature of epidemiological injuries to elite South African cricket players. S Afr Med J 2001; 91(4):336-339. (19) Belliappa PP, Barton NJ. Hand injuries in cricketers. J Hand Surg Br 1991; 16(2):212-214. (20) Bartlett RM, Stockill NP, Elliott BC, Burnett AF. The biomechanics of fast bowling in mens cricket: a review. J Sports Sci 1996; 14(5):403-424. (21) Bell PA. Spondylolysis in fast bowlers: principles of prevention and a survey of awareness among cricket coaches. Br J Sports Med 1992; 26(4):273-275. (22) Dennis R, Farhart P, Goumas C, Orchard J. Bowling workload and the risk of injury in elite cricket fast bowlers. J Sci Med Sport 2003; 6(3):359-367. (23) Dennis R, Farhart P, Clements M, Ledwidge H. The relationship between fast bowling workload and injury in first-class cricketers: a pilot study. J Sci Med Sport 2004; 7(2):232-236. (24) Engstrom CM, Walker DG. Pars interarticularis stress lesions in the lumbar spine of cricket fast bowlers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007; 39(1):28-33. (25) Bell P. Cricket: injury in long trousers. Br J Sports Med 1999; 33(3):151-152. (26) Jones NP, Tullo AB. Severe eye injuries in cricket. Br J Sports Med 1986; 20(4):178-179. (27) Abedin A, Chen HC. An uncommonly serious case of an uncommon sport injury. Br J Sports Med 2005; 39(8):e33. (28) Aburn N. Eye injuries in indoor cricket at Wellington Hospital: a survey January 1987 to June 1989. N Z Med J 1990; 103(898):454-456. Cover Letter for the Questionnaire An Audit of Injuries in Cricket in Scotland in the 2008 Season. With increased participation in cricket in Scotland, sports doctors and physiotherapists have become aware of a corresponding increase in cricket related injuries. Also, researchers worldwide have felt the need for a global injury incidence report to identify risk factors for subsequent designing and implementation of interventions for prevention of injuries. Some data regarding injuries in cricket is available from Australia, South Africa, England and the West Indies. However, epidemiological collection of data of injuries from the rest of the world is dismal, to say the least. In Scotland as well, there has never been any audit of injuries in cricket, time lost due to injuries, implementation of injury prevention program and provision of medical support to players. This audit aims to look at the type and prevalence of injuries that occurred over the 2008 season in cricket in Scotland, allowing an insight into the mechanisms of injury in cricket. We hope that this will assist the development of medical support and injury prevention programmes. This study would also contribute to a World Injury Incidence Report to be undertaken in the near future. This audit is being conducted by the Department of Sport Exercise Medicine, University of Glasgow with the support of Cricket Scotland. We are grateful for your valuable time spent in answering the questionnaire. If you have any questions regarding the study or the questionnaire please do not hesitate to contact either: Questionnaire Do you play international cricket? Yes, Currently Previously No Please indicate the level of domestic cricket that you play in. SNCL Premier SNCL Div 1 SNCL Div 2 Other Does your club provide access to sports injury advice and treatment? Yes No not sure If yes, who provides this support? Doctor Physiotherapist Sports Therapist Other Are you aware of an injury prevention program being followed at your club? Yes No not sure How old are you? 12-18 y 19-24 y 25-29 y 29 y What role do you perform in the team? Batsman Bowler All Rounder WKeeper Please specify the number of matches you played in the 2008 season. International Club Other Please specify the number of matches played by your club throughout the 2008 season. (Please put in an appropriate number in the box) Please specify the total number of players in your club squad at the start of the 2008 season. (Please put in an appropriate number in the box) Did you suffer any injuries during the 2008 season? Yes No If the answer to the above question is No, that is the end of the questionnaire. Thank you for your help. If however, the answer is Yes, please go to the next question Please specify the total number of injuries that you suffered in 2008. (For the purpose of this questionnaire we define an injury as the presence of pain or discomfort which prevented you from training or playing in the next match.) The rest of the questionnaire is related to the injuries you sustained during the 2008 season. Please fill in questions 1-9 for EACH of the injuries you reported in the question above. We have copied questions 1-9 five times to allow you to report up to 5 injuries. If you have had more than 5 injuries, please add the details at the end of the questionnaire. INJURY 1 1. Please tick the most appropriate box to describe this injury. Head, neck or face Fractured facial bones Eye injury Cut Other Neck Injury Muscle injury Other Shoulder Muscle/tendon injury Dislocation / subluxation Other Elbow/arm Fracture Muscle injury Other Wrist palm Dislocation / fracture Split webbing Other Thumb Injury Dislocation / fracture Other Fingers Fracture Other Trunk Abdominal /side strain Other Back Lumbar spine stress fracture Other Groin, hip or buttock injury Muscle injury Other Thigh muscle injury Hamstring muscle injury Calf muscle strain Knee Bony injury Cartilage injury Other Shin and foot Stress fracture Other Other injury not noted above (please specify injury site) 2. Have you injured this body part before? Yes No 3. What best describes the onset of this injury. Contact/sudden onset of new injury Gradual onset of new injury Sudden reoccurrence of previous injury Gradual reoccurrence of pervious injury 4. How did this injury occur? Batting Running between wickets Bowling Fielding Catching Throwing Wicket keeping 5. Where did this injury occur? Match Nets Warm up stretches General training (cross) If other, please specify (E.G. Sports other than cricket, not related to sports, work related etc) 6. What month of the season did this injury occur in? Apr-2008 May-2008 Jun-2008 Jul-2008 Aug-2008 Sep-2008 Out of season 7. How many matches did you miss as a result of this injury? None 1 3 4 6 6 8. How long did it take before you were able to return to training after this training? 1 Week 1-3 Weeks 4-6 Weeks 6 Weeks 9. How long did it take before you were able to return to playing after this injury? 1 Week 1-3 Weeks 4-6 Weeks 6 Weeks INJURY 2 1. Please tick the most appropriate box to describe this injury. Matriculation No. 0809366H Head, neck or face Fractured facial bones Eye injury Cut Other Neck Injury Muscle injury Other Shoulder Muscle/tendon injury Dislocation / subluxation Other Elbow/arm Fracture Muscle injury Other Wrist palm Dislocation / fracture Split webbing Other Thumb Injury Dislocation / fracture Other Fingers Fracture Other Trunk Abdominal /side strain Other Back Lumbar spine stress fracture Other Groin, hip or buttock injury Muscle injury Other Thigh muscle injury Hamstring muscle injury Calf muscle strain Knee Bony injury Cartilage injury Other Shin and foot Stress fracture Other Other injury not noted above (please specify injury site) 2. Have you injured this body part before? Yes No 3. What best describes the onset of this injury. Contact/sudden onset of new injury Gradual onset of new injury Sudden reoccurrence of previous injury Gradual reoccurrence of pervious injury 4. How did this injury occur? Batting Running between wickets Bowling Fielding Catching Throwing Wicket keeping 5. Where did this injury occur? Match Nets Warm up stretches General training (cross) If other, please specify (E.G. Sports other than cricket, not related to sports, work related etc) 6. What month of the season did this injury occur in? Apr-2008 May-2008 Jun-2008 Jul-2008 Aug-2008 Sep-2008 Out of season 7. How many matches did you miss as a result of this injury? None 1 3 4 6 6 8. How long did it take before you were able to return to training after this training? 1 Week 1-3 Weeks 4-6 Weeks 6 Weeks 9. How long did it take before you were able to return to playing after this injury? 1 Week 1-3 Weeks 4-6 Weeks 6 Weeks INJURY 3 1. Please tick the most appropriate box to describe this injury. Head, neck or face Fractured facial bones Eye injury Cut Other Neck Injury Muscle injury Other Shoulder Muscle/tendon injury Dislocation / subluxation Other Elbow/arm Fracture Muscle injury Other Wrist palm Dislocation / fracture Split webbing Other Thumb Injury Dislocation / fracture Other Fingers Fracture Other Trunk Abdominal /side strain Other Back Lumbar spine stress fracture Other Groin, hip or buttock injury Muscle injury Other Thigh muscle injury Hamstring muscle injury Calf muscle strain Knee Bony injury Cartilage injury Other Shin and foot Stress fracture Other Other injury not noted above (please specify injury site) 2. Have you injured this body part before? Yes No 3. What best describes the onset of this injury. Contact/sudden onset of new injury Gradual onset of new injury Sudden reoccurrence of previous injury Gradual reoccurrence of pervious injury 4. How did this injury occur? Batting Running between wickets Bowling Fielding Catching Throwing Wicket keeping 5. Where did this injury occur? Match Nets Warm up stretches General training (cross) If other, please specify (E.G. Sports other than cricket, not related to sports, work related etc) 6. What month of the season did this injury occur in? Apr-2008 May-2008 Jun-2008 Jul-2008 Aug-2008 Sep-2008 Out of season 7. How many matches did you miss as a result of this injury? None 1 3 4 6 6 8. How long did it take before you were able to return to training after this training? 1 Week 1-3 Weeks 4-6 Weeks 6 Weeks 9. How long did it take before you were able to return to playing after this injury? 1 Week 1-3 Weeks 4-6 Weeks 6 Weeks INJURY 4 1. Please tick the most appropriate box to describe this injury. Head, neck or face Fractured facial bones Eye injury Cut Other Neck Injury Muscle injury Other Shoulder Muscle/tendon injury Dislocation / subluxation Other Elbow/arm Fracture Muscle injury Other Wrist palm Dislocation / fracture Split webbing Other Thumb Injury Dislocation / fracture Other Fingers Fracture Other Trunk Abdominal /side strain Other Back Lumbar spine stress fracture Other Groin, hip or buttock injury Muscle injury Other Thigh muscle injury Hamstring muscle injury Calf muscle strain Knee Bony injury Cartilage injury Other Shin and foot Stress fracture Other Other injury not noted above (please specify injury site) 2. Have you injured this body part before? Yes No 3. What best describes the onset of this injury. Contact/sudden onset of new injury Gradual onset of new injury Sudden reoccurrence of previous injury Gradual reoccurrence of pervious injury 4. How did this injury occur? Batting Running between wickets Bowling Fielding Catching Throwing Wicket keeping 5. Where did this injury occur? Match Nets Warm up stretches General training (cross) If other, please specify (E.G. Sports other than cricket, not related to sports, work related etc) 6. What month of the season did this injury occur in? Apr-2008 May-2008 Jun-2008 Jul-2008 Aug-2008 Sep-2008 Out of season 7. How many matches did you miss as a result of this injury? None 1 3 4 6 6 8. How long did it take before you were able to return to training after this training? 1 Week 1-3 Weeks 4-6 Weeks 6 Weeks 9. How long did it take before you were able to return to playing after this injury? 1 Week 1-3 Weeks 4-6 Weeks 6 Weeks INJURY 5 1. What was the diagnosis of this injury? Please tick the most appropriate box to describe this injury. Head, neck or face Fractured facial bones Eye injury Cut Other Neck Injury Muscle injury Other Shoulder Muscle/tendon injury Dislocation / subluxation Other Elbow/arm Fracture Muscle injury Other Wrist palm Dislocation / fracture Split webbing Other Thumb Injury Dislocation / fracture Other Fingers Fracture Other Trunk Abdominal /side strain Other Back Lumbar spine stress fracture Other Groin, hip or buttock injury Muscle injury Other Thigh muscle injury Hamstring muscle injury Calf muscle strain Knee Bony injury Cartilage injury Other Shin and foot Stress fracture Other Other injury not noted above (please specify injury site) 2. Have you injured this body part before? Yes No 3. What best describes the onset of this injury. Contact/sudden onset of new injury Gradual onset of new injury Sudden reoccurrence of previous injury Gradual reoccurrence of pervious injury 4. How did this injury occur? Batting Running between wickets Bowling Fielding Catching Throwing Wicket keeping 5. Where did this injury occur? Match Nets Warm up stretches General training (cross) If other, please specify (E.G. Sports other than cricket, not related to sports, work related etc) 6. What month of the season did this injury occur in? Apr-2008 May-2008 Jun-2008 Jul-2008 Aug-2008 Sep-2008 Out of season 7. How many matches did you miss as a result of this injury? None 1 3 4 6 6 8. How long did it take before you were able to return to training after this training? 1 Week 1-3 Weeks 4-6 Weeks 6 Weeks 9. How long did it take before you were able to return to playing after this injury? 1 Week 1-3 Weeks 4-6 Weeks 6 Weeks For more than 5 injuries If you have had more than 5 injuries during the season, please add details (of injures not already mentioned)

Enron Essay - 918 Words

ENRON In 2000 Enron was the world’s leading corporation in selling natural gas with an estimated worth in sales of around one hundred billion dollars and the company showed only signs of progressing. Within one year the company went completely bankrupt and forty of their top employees were arrested or are in jail awaiting trials. How can a multinational corporation with steadily increasing revenue take such a drastic fall into bankruptcy and how did no one see this coming? In the end Enron knew exactly what was in their future and hid it from the public by allocating their debt and with a loophole in their accounting, it turned out to be one of the biggest cover ups in the stock markets history. In 1985 Houston Natural Gas merged†¦show more content†¦Enron’s greatest tool for concealing their debt and in the end was their ultimate demise was called â€Å"mark to market accounting† (oppel). â€Å"Mark to Market Accounting† is not totally illega l if it is done correctly which is acknowledging future sales and revenue with a new operation or business venture. What the Enron executives did was when a new natural gas plant was still in production they would predict that their new plant will generate them one hundred million dollars over the next ten years. However instead of just using this number as a future goal they would register this as revenue for that year. This would greatly increase their numbers and allow their stock to rise and profits to be divided among the top executives. To the outside world Enron appeared to be very successful and a great investment when in fact they were digging their own graves. Enron’s stock and reports annually improved without ever having debt. 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Lord, What is Man Essay - 3042 Words

ABSTRACT: In this essay, philosophical anthropology is considered from the viewpoint of biblical exegesis. Our summons to self-knowledge is discussed in the light of immanence of the Kingdom of God in the human being. Humanity is argued to consist of a three-fold structure: outer, inner, and divine. Psalms 144:3 The theme of my paper is philosophical anthropology in its proper sense, i.e., the understanding of human nature. Philosophy is a speculative discipline and we have to choose a basis for our reasoning. Let us consider the human being from the viewpoint of the Holy Bible. I chose the Bible, but I am sure that any Scripture of the worlds religions might be such a source. 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How to be happy free essay sample

Do you want to live a happier life? B. I know I do! It has been very interesting for me to discover that we cant teach ourselves to be happier by changing our ways and thoughts. C. Happy people are healthier, have better relationships, and are more successful than grumpy people, sad people, or unhappy people. D. Ill show you how a few easy changes and a change of attitude will make you much happier and better able to deal with life. II. Body A. Lots of people say The more successful you are, the happier you are. But what f I told you it was the opposite? What if being happier actually made you more successful? 1 . The YouTube channel the science of happiness performed an experiment to see if this was true. they found a group of about 12 people and divided into two groups a controlled group and an experimental group. 2. With the experimental group they tried to make them happier by giving them candy, showing them funny videos and a gift card for helping them with the experiment. They gave the control group nothing. 3. Then they presented the same problem solving experiment to both groups and gave them 10 minutes to solve it. They gave them a cork board standing up, a candle, and a box of matches full of tax and matches. Then told them they had to fixate the candle to the cork board so that when they lit the Candlenut of the Waxwood touch the cork board or fall to the ground. 4. When the 10 minutes were up they found out more of the experimental group (happier group) finish faster than the control group. 5. The reason was happier people are better problem-solving fguring out new options and being more creative. Statistics say happier people perform better I marriage, friendship, income, work performance and health. B. How we feel is really up to us, but I am going to share several actions or behaviors that will help you live a happier life. These ideas and suggestions have been proven The Coca-Cola Happiness Machine project, and WikiHow to do Anything. 1. Live life in the present moment: You can learn from the past, hope for the future, but live in the present. Enjoy what is happening and learn from the past choose to be happy in this exact moment. We are not born knowing, see year, doubt and worry. Worry is one of the greatest detriments to our health. So choose to live worry free. Worrying about what ight happen in the future has never once made a positive change to the future, so why bother worrying about what may or may not ever happened. Be worry free and focus on what you can do to make life better and yourself happier! Put your smile on and Laugh out loud: Just the act of smiling, even if it is fake, Will help you and others around you feel better. Smiling is like a loop, smiling reinforces happiness, Just as happiness causes smiling. They say laughter is the best medicine and it is true. Laughter is a powerful antidote to stress, pain, and conflict. Shakespeare said, laugh and the world laughs with, cry and you cry alone. So laugh to inspires hopes, keeps you grounded and happier. 3. Choose to be optimistic: Happiness depends directly on how you look at today today living. For example researchers, Michael Norton, associate professor at Harvard Business School followed peohple who had won the lottery and found that a year later, they were no happier then people who didnt win. No matter what happens the effect on our happiness is temporary. So we should learn to look at the glass half full instead of half empty. So therefore if your girlfriend breaks up with you, youll have to chance to meet someone else! Or maybe you lose your Job. Now youll have a chance to find a better one! Tell yourself that whatever happens to you, youll find something good in it. 4. More money does not mean more happiness: A person has to have enough money to meet their basic needs of food, clothes, and shelter. Now more money might get you more motivation and comfort but more things never bring more happiness. In fact more money can complicate things and actually make you less happy. But when you are happy, Professor of economy Satya Paul, found that happy people earn more money then sad or grumpy people. He found that happy people, generally enjoy their Jobs more, therefore put in more time nd energy, earning around 25,000 dollars more per year! 5. Forgive and forget: Holding a grudge and not forgiving others hurts you and your Health. It adds to your stress. So forgive and forget, and move on, so you can lower your stress level! 6. Help others be happy: Bernard Melter says, Happiness is like a kiss. You must share to enjoy it. Spreading a little happiness is one of the best ways to bring more happiness into your own life. Compassion is all about doing something for people in need or for someone less fortunate than you. Studies show that people gain as much happiness rom watching others give to charity as they do from receiving money. Give love, kindness and happiness and you can be sure more happiness will come back to you. Conclusion: There is a saying that if a person chooses to be happy then the world around him or her will be happy. if a person chooses to be sad, he or she will be the only one who is sad. happiness is everywnere, and it depends on everyones attitude towards lite. therefore always try to find happiness by enjoying your life, overcoming the difficult you meet and have the people you love being around you. If you can do those things well, you will have happiness in your life.

Social Marketing for ACOSS

Question: Discuss about theSocial Marketing for ACOSS. Answer: Introduction: Social marketing is a new approach incorporated by todays organizations to reach the mass. It is usually packed with information about the organization, which draws peoples attention towards the products, the organization is offering. The social marketing requires a promotional message that usually leaves an impact on the audience. Australian Council of Social Service is an advocacy group, which focuses on the social welfare in the country. The organization designs social policies for those organizations and individuals, which are focused in social welfare. The purpose of this report is to analyze the social marketing plan for the Australian Council of Social Service. A new plan for campaigning will be analyzed here with the help of a thorough literature. A promotional plan will be included in the report along with a SWOT analysis for the organization. The campaigns effectiveness will be analyzed with the help of the 4Ps marketing model. Background of the Organization: According to the views given by Lawrence (2016), Australian Council of Social Service was founded in the year 1956 for providing help to the individuals and organizations, which operates, for social welfare causes. It provides social security and several types of services designed for the upliftment of the poor people in the country. Those who are unemployed, disabled, homeless, and facing social disadvantages are the focus of the programs of the organization. The present CEO of the organization Dr. Cassandra Goldie was previously working with the Australian Human Rights Commission. Australian Council of Social Service addresses the social matters of the country mostly in the presence of the Australian government. The organization helps many other organizations with the same views with developing plans and policies. Literature Review: Australian Council of Social Service has among many other goals, developing experience-based solutions. The organization provides robust and inclusive consultation mechanism for the stakeholders. As stated by Martinez-Harms et al. (2015), Australian Council of Social Service collaborates academics and researchers for the production of reports, which contributes to public understanding of topics like poverty, its impacts and solutions. It draws international and national research experience for developing new policies, which have the potential of reducing poverty and inequality in the country. The solutions are also applicable for other countries as well. As stated by Dobson et al. (2015), the survey had done by the organization shows headline poverty rate fell from 13.9 percent in 2013 to 13.3 percent in 2014. In last ten years child poverty in the country increased by two percent. 57.3 percent of the people belonging to the below poverty line relies on the social security as their m ain income source. These results drawn by Australian Council of Social Service helped the government and other organizations as well in addressing the poverty in the country, which otherwise escaped the required focus from the government. Campaign Focus: The researches by the Australian Bureau of Statistics have shown that the health condition in the country has deteriorated significantly due to constant increase of anxiety and depression. Around forty-five percent of the total population is suffering from these symptoms. Two million Australians suffer from anxiety issues and one million Australian people suffer from depression. According to the views of Newburn and Stanko (2013), the reasons of depression have increased significantly in the country in the last few years. The reasons are situational. Anxiety issues are more common in the country. Following the views of Williams and Smith (2014), it can be said that, it would benefit many individuals as well as organizations, if Australian Council of Social Service could come up with campaign plans to fight this mental health issues witnessed by many Australians in a respectful way. The campaign will create personalized solutions for individuals as well as for groups. Professional psy chiatrists will help creating the programs. The programs will be unique. For example, the professionals will help many institutions to incorporate fun activities in their weekly routine. SWOT Analysis: To understand the internal situation of the organization and determine how the campaign will perform, the following SWOT analysis is done: Strengths: Unlike profit making organizations Australian Council of Social Service is tax exempt. Offer products at a low price due to the absence of taxes. Huge number of efficient volunteers is available in the organization. Having so many volunteers reduces the cost of the organization. Weaknesses: The organization cannot offer high salaries like profit making organizations. Entrepreneurs have no interest in investing in Australian Council of Social Service as it will not make any profit. Budgetary deficits are common problem in the organization. Opportunities: People grant charities handsomely without any expectations of monetary returns. The government provides subsidies and other helps through policies. Many profit making organizations provide resources to promote Australian Council of Social Service. Threats: The organization is vulnerable to economic crises. High reputation has to be carried out through out in order to get charities and donations. Table 1: SWOT analysis for Australian Council of Social Service. Source: As created by the author. The SWOT analysis shows that Australian Council of Social Service being a nonprofit organization has much strength which profit making organizations miss. According to the ideas of Baum et al. (2013), ACOSS can get help from the government in the hour of need. The weakness of the organization is often it runs through deficit financing. It creates problems for paying the employees. It discourages people from getting into the jobs offered by the Australian Council of Social Service. The donations create opportunities for the organization to set and achieve the goals. The government also plays a crucial role in creating opportunities for the organization and its campaigns. During economic crises, the donations dry up. It hits the organizations budget and goals negatively and significantly. Target Market: The target market for the Australian Council of Social Service for the campaign is focused to the age group with lower boundary of sixteen years. There is no upper limit for the age, as the problem is seemed to increase with more age. Following the views of Sanders (2017), different age groups have different reasons behind depression and anxiety, which demands different age groups to be considered with specified criteria. As stated by Bloch et al. (2017), the depression level depends on the age groups. Hence, the organization has to make customized programs for the customers, which will suit the intended age groups. As g The organization also requires help from psychiatrists with sound psychological concepts who will help in developing the programs. Different age groups and their traits have to be considered while creating the customized programs. 4Ps of Marketing: The following market analysis is required to analyze and look for the right path to introduce the programs. It will show how the campaigns will address the depression and anxiety issues in different age groups. Product:The product in concern is the campaign addressing the depression and anxiety in the Australian population. The campaign will be developed according to the age groups in country. The campaign will be divided into two categories. Following the ideas of Lawrence et al. (2015), it can be said that, the first category will require reaching the target population individually with the help of professional psychiatrists. The second category will be aimed to reach the big groups of people through mass meditation and weekly fun activities in offices, schools, and other working places. This will help people both individually and collectively. The uniqueness of the products will draw attention of the people and help them focusing on the cause of the campaign. Price:The price of the campaign will be huge as it addresses almost the whole population both collectively and individually. Hence, the organization has to generate funds from different sources. For this purpose, the organization has to provide a clear picture of the campaigns goals and the benefits that the society can benefit from. The views given by Rickwood et al. (2014), states that, the government of Australia can help for this cause with designed policies. Place:The initialization process will be started in Tasmania. Various schools, offices, and other institutions will be approached to gain the attention from the mixed age groups. The campaign will then spread all over the country. Promotion: To reach people from all age groups the communication processes have to be chosen carefully. Following the views of Baldwin (2016), it can be said that, the communication processes have to be cost efficient and holistic. Various social media platforms will be used for this purpose like Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, and others. Other mediums like the printing and video media may also be used after the initialization process. Attention Grabbing Message: An attention-grabbing message is required by the organization to reach out to all those people, who need the help from this campaign. The message requires an attractive and focused appearance to reach the intended people as given below: Do not let depression and anxiety take away your happiness. Let us help Effectiveness of the Message: The message given above is simple and focuses on the result of depression and anxiety. It creates urgency against the issues of depression and anxiety. The second part of the message shows that people has the opportunity to avoid being in pain. According to the ideas of Kidd, Kenny and McKinstry (2014), it also provides an assurance that the Australian Council of Social Service can address well the issues with the help of the campaign. Conclusion: Non-profit organizations like the Australian Council of Social Service practice social marketing to let the population know about the benefits of the organizations campaigns. A strong campaign helps the population of a country in the period of urgency when a common problem creates issues in the society. ACOSS, a non-profit organization, operates with the help of the government and private donations to help the society get rid of its negative traits. The majority of the population in Australia is presently suffering from depression and anxiety. These psychological issues are creating problems for different Australian people. ACOSS is about to create a campaign, that is focused to address the persons in need both individually and collectively. The collective measures will incorporate unique solutions like incorporating fun activities in the weekly routines of the institutions. For this purpose, the organization will generate funds with the help of the policies created by the government . As the organization is a non-profit organization, generating funds for the campaign is not that easy, whereas the cost will be high. For this purpose, the campaign will be initialized at Tasmania first. The whole population will be divided into several categories, according to their age. This way the Australian Council of Social Service is trying to address the major health issue in the country. Bibliography: Australian, R., New Zealand College Of Psychiatrists Clinical Practice Guidelines Team For Deliberate Self-Harm. (2016). Australian and New Zealand clinical practice guidelines for the management of adult deliberate self-harm. Australian New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. Baldwin, M. (2016). Social work, critical reflection and the learning organization. Routledge. Baum, F. E., Laris, P., Fisher, M., Newman, L., MacDougall, C. (2013). Never mind the logic, give me the numbers: Former Australian health ministers' perspectives on the social determinants of health. Social Science Medicine, 87, 138-146. Bloch, S., Green, S., Janca, A., Mitchell, P., Robertson, M. (2017). Foundations of clinical psychiatry. Melbourne Univ. Publishing. Dobson, A. J., Hockey, R., Brown, W. J., Byles, J. E., Loxton, D. J., McLaughlin, D. P., ... Mishra, G. D. (2015). Cohort profile update: Australian longitudinal study on womens health. International journal of epidemiology, dyv110. Kidd, S., Kenny, A., McKinstry, C. (2014). From experience to action in recovery-oriented mental health practice: A first person inquiry. Action Research, 12(4), 357-373. Lawrence, D., Johnson, S., Hafekost, J., de Haan, K. B., Sawyer, M., Ainley, J., Zubrick, S. R. (2015). The mental health of children and adolescents: Report on the second Australian Child and Adolescent Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. Lawrence, R. J. (2016). Professional social work in Australia. Anu Press. Martinez-Harms, M. J., Bryan, B. A., Balvanera, P., Law, E. A., Rhodes, J. R., Possingham, H. P., Wilson, K. A. (2015). Making decisions for managing ecosystem services. Biological Conservation, 184, 229-238. Newburn, T., Stanko, E. A. (2013). Just boys doing business?: men, masculinities and crime. Routledge. Rickwood, D. J., Telford, N. R., Parker, A. G., Tanti, C. J., McGorry, P. D. (2014). HeadspaceAustralias innovation in youth mental health: who are the clients and why are they presenting. Med J Aust, 200(2), 108-11. Sanders, W. G. (2017). Three accounts of the emergence of the remote jobs and communities program: changing timeframes and types of actors. Australian Journal of Political Science, 1-16. Treloar, C., Gray, R., Brener, L., Jackson, C., Saunders, V., Johnson, P., ... Newman, C. (2014). I cant do this, its too much: building social inclusion in cancer diagnosis and treatment experiences of Aboriginal people, their carers and health workers. International journal of public health, 59(2), 373-379. Williams, T. M., Smith, G. P. (2014). Can the National Disability Insurance Scheme work for mental health?. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 48(5), 391-394.